Geography of Madagascar

Madagascar  is a large island nation located in the  Indian Ocean  east of Africa and the country Mozambique. It is the fourth largest island in the world and it is an  African country. Madagascars official name is the Republic of Madagascar. The country is sparsely populated with a  population density  of only 94 persons per square mile (36 persons per square kilometer). As such, most of Madagascar is undeveloped, incredibly biodiverse forest land. Madagascar is home to 5% of the worlds species, many of which are native only to Madagascar. Fast Facts: Madagascar Official Name: Republic of MadagascarCapital: AntananarivoPopulation: 25,683,610  (2018)Official Languages: French, MalagasyCurrency: Malagasy ariary (MGA)Form of Government: Semi-presidential republicClimate: Tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in southTotal Area: 226,657 square miles (587,041 square kilometers)Highest Point: Maromokotro at 9,436 feet (2,876 meters)Lowest Point: Indian Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Madagascar It is believed that Madagascar was uninhabited until the 1st century CE when sailors from Indonesia arrived on the island. From there, migrations from other Pacific lands as well as Africa increased and various tribal groups began to develop in Madagascar—the largest of which was the Malagasy. The written history of Madagascar did not begin until the 7th century CE when Arabs began setting up trading posts on the islands northern coastal regions.European contact with Madagascar did not begin until the 1500s. At that time, Portuguese captain Diego Dias discovered the island while on a voyage to India. In the 17th century, the French established various settlements along the east coast. In 1896, Madagascar officially became a French colony. Madagascar remained under French control until 1942, when  British troops  occupied the area during World War II. In 1943, the French retook the island from the British and maintained control until the late 1950s. In 1956, Madagascar began moving toward independence and on October 14, 1958, the Malagasy Republic was formed as an independent state within the French colonies. In 1959, Madagascar adopted its first constitution and achieved full independence on June 26, 1960. Government of Madagascar Today, Madagascars government is considered a republic with a legal system based on French civil law and traditional Malagasy laws. Madagascar has an executive branch of government that is made up of a  chief of state  and a head of state, as well as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senat and the Assemblee Nationale. Madagascars judicial branch of government is comprised of the Supreme Court and the High Constitutional Court. The country is divided into six provinces (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, and Toliara) for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Madagascar Madagascars economy is currently growing but at a slow pace. Agriculture is the main sector of the economy and employs about 80% of the countrys population. The main agricultural products of Madagascar include coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava, beans, bananas, peanuts, and livestock products. The country does have a small amount of industry, of which the largest are: meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly, paper, and petroleum. In addition, with the rise of  ecotourism, Madagascar has seen a rise in tourism and the related service sector industries. Geography, Climate, and Biodiversity of Madagascar Madagascar is considered a part of southern Africa as it is located in the  Indian Ocean east of Mozambique. It is a large island that has a narrow coastal plain with a high plateau and mountains in its center. Madagascars highest mountain is Maromokotro at 9,435 feet (2,876 m). The climate of Madagascar varies based on location on the island but it is tropical along the coastal regions, temperate inland and arid in the south its portions. Madagascars capital and largest city, Antananarivo, located in the northern part of the country somewhat away from the coast, has a January average high temperature of 82 degrees (28 °C) and a July average low of 50 degrees (10 °C).Madagascar is most well-known around the world for its rich biodiversity and  tropical rainforests. The island is home to about 5% of the worlds plant and animal species, about 80% of whoch are endemic, or native, only to Madagascar. These include all species of  lemurs  and about 9,000 different species of plants. Because of their isolation on Madagascar, many of these endemic species are also threatened or endangered due to increasing  deforestation  and development. To protect its species, Madagascar has many national parks, and nature and wildlife reserves. In addition, there are several  UNESCO certified  World Heritage Sites  on Madagascar called the  Rainforests of the Atsinanana. More Facts About Madagascar Madagascar has a life expectancy of 62.9 years. Its official languages are Malagasy and French. Today, Madagascar has 18 Malagasy tribes, as well as groups of French, Indian Comoran, and Chinese people. Sources Central Intelligence Agency.  CIA - The World Factbook - Madagascar.Infoplease.com.  Madagascar: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State.  Madagascar.

The Theme of Justice in King Lear Essay - 1435 Words

The Theme of Justice in King Lear Justice is a balance of misfortune and good fortune; right and wrong according to motives and circumstances of the individuals under judgement. To be just we must consider why they did it and balance out all the evidence and facts and decide on a punishment depending on these. Types of justice that exist in society include criminal justice, legal justice, vigilante justice, natural justice and divine justice. As King Lear is a brutal play, filled with human cruelty and many awful disasters, the plays terrible events raise an obvious question for the characters, namely whether there is any possibility of justice in the world. Various characters offer†¦show more content†¦Clearly, King Lears idea to divide the land is the wrong decision as it is the gods who decide through divine right who is next to be king or queen. For this attempt to undermine the gods, it is obvious that Lear should be punished and, surely enough, the consequence is he is betrayed by two of his daughters and loses everything, thus, in a way, justice is served and he gets what he deserves. As the play opens one can almost immediately see that Lear begins to make mistakes that will eventually Result in his downfall. The very first words that he speaks in the play are: ...Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom, and tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age, Conferring them on younger strengths while we Unburdened crawl to death... (Act I, Sc I, Ln 38-41) This gives the audience the first hint of Lears intent to give away his throne. He goes on further to divide his kingdom, offering pieces to his daughters as a form of reward to his test of love. Tell me, my daughters Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge. (Act I, Sc I, Ln 47-53) This is the first and worst of the many sins that Lear commits in this play. By passing hisShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Theme of Justice in King Lear1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Justice in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many themes are evident in King Lear, but perhaps one of the most prevalent relates to the theme of justice.   Shakespeare has developed a tragedy that allows us to see mans decent into chaos.   Although Lear is perceived as a man more sinned against than sinning (p.62), the treatment of the main characters encourages the reader to reflect on the presence or lack of justice in this world.   The characters also vary in their inclinationRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1480 Words   |  6 Pagesplay of â€Å"King Lear† in 1986. This is a typical play of human coarseness and vengeance. The play challenges the audience through the contradiction of the goodness and primordial evil of a man. Many characters in this play demonstrate the tendencies of virtuous or vicious throughout the play. There are many themes in the play, but the most prevailing relates to the subject of justice. Shakespeare demonstrates this thematic deception of themes through instances of legal, divine, poetic justice and ultimatelyRead MoreKing Lear: Themes Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesKing Lear: Themes Many themes are evident in King Lear, but perhaps one of the most prevalent relates to the theme of justice. Shakespeare has developed a tragedy that allows us to see mans decent into chaos. Although Lear is perceived as a man more sinned against than sinning (p.62), the treatment of the main characters encourages the reader to reflect on the presence or lack of justice in this world. The characters also vary in their inclination to view the world from either a fatalisticRead More Justice in William Shakespeares King Lear Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesJustice in William Shakespeares King Lear The question of the origin of true, virtuous, and impartial justice has plagued mankind over the millennia and continues to do so today. In Shakespeare’s King Lear two potential forms of justice predominate: human examination through trial and divine supernatural recourse. Both systems emerge fundamentally flawed in practice, however, and by the end of the play a world of unjust chaos reigns supreme. Over the course of three â€Å"trials,† Lear’s daughtersRead More A Lesson Learned Too Late in King Lear Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesA Lesson Learned Too Late in King Lear      Ã‚   In the first half of the play, King Lear struggles with the problem of authority and the consequences of giving his own authority away.   Lear’s eventual loss of sanity is a result of his ill judgement and unwillingness to part with his power as king.   Yet, the issue of authority is not the only theme that is being dealt with in the play.   King Lear is also about Lear’s search for identity and wisdom in his old age.   The play explores the concept ofRead MoreThe Death Of A Man Of High Power1241 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Justice is a word that seems to be taken for granted by many in modern times. Contemporary people have grown accustomed to the thought of rules and laws set in place to ensure justice throughout the world. Whenever acts of injustice occur, people become outraged and appalled. 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(5.3.317-320)† King Lear is frequently regarded as one of Shakespeare’s masterpieces, and its tragic scope touches almost all facets of the human condition: from the familial tensions between parents and children to the immoral desires of power, from the follies of pride to the false projections of glory. However, one theme rings true throughout the play, and that very theme is boundless suffering, accentuated by the gruesome depictions of sufferingRead MoreThe Search for Justice in Books and Stories Essay597 Words   |  3 PagesThe search for justice is a urge that the natural human wants to satisfy. It is something that always wanting to be found in anything the question asked about it is why. The process to find it is depicted is several book and stories. The story The Crucible by Arthur Miller is an excellent example of the search for justice is the book one of the times that the theme is used is when Mrs. Putnam states â€Å"Reverend Parris, I have laid seven babies unbaptized in the earth. Believe me, sir, you neverRead More Artistic Form in King Lear1240 Words   |  5 Pages King Lear has remained one of Shakespeare’s best works, and one of the best tragedies of all time, since the beginning of the 17th century; however, some early critics believe that certain elements of the story do not satisfy the criteria for a proper tragedy. The two plot elements under speculation are the subplot and the catastrophic ending. The primary focus of the story is set on the elderly King Lear, whose pride and greed blinds him, causing him to banish his only pure daughter, Cordelia,

Views of the State of Nature Held by Hobbes and Locke free essay sample

I shall start off by first defining the meaning of A State of Nature. As the likes of Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke wrote about it, it means man when he was natural in his state of nature, uninfluenced by society, and the temptations of today. There are no rights in a state of nature, only freedom to do as one wishes. It is a term used to illustrate the theoretical condition of civilization before the states foundation in Social Contract Theories. In the dictionary it is described as â€Å"a wild primitive state untouched by civilization. Both Hobbes and Locke discuss the state of nature with the positives and negatives in mind. Thomas Hobbs wonders what life would be like without a government to keep ruling over all of us, and John Locke believed the government should be working for the citizens and protecting them. Throughout my essay I am going to be comparing and contrasting their differences and similarities. I begin my essay by first taking a look at John Locke and his opinions and beliefs. John Locke lived from 1632 till 1704; during his life he founded the School of Empiricism. He studied at the Westminster School in London; he gained a Bachelor of Medicine in 1674 after having studied at Oxford. He had never married, nor had he children; he died in 1704 after a long demur in his health. Locke published his Second Treatise of Government in 1689 anonymously as it an extremely strong minded piece of Political Philosophy. It outlines a theory based on contract theory and natural rights. In The Second Treatise of Government Locke asks, What State all men are in? What is a State of Nature? From everything I have read, in my opinion, I believe Locke’s idea of state of nature to be a state of paradise, it sounds quite idyllic, no currency worries, no prejudice, no one man is better than the other. What State are all Men in? First of all Locke believed all men were born as equals, with a good and independent nature. It was in 1960 that Locke wrote his Two Treatises of Government, and within this he attacked the theory of Divine right of Kings and the nature of the State, as conceived by Hobbes. I read in detail his Second Treatise of Government and found it an extremely interesting read. Locke has a different view on the State of Nature in contrast to Hobbs; he supposed human nature was characterized by tolerance and reason. Locke believed human nature was what possessed men to act selfish, this is seen with the introduction of currency. Without currency and in a natural state, everyone was equal, â€Å"should also be equal amount another without subordination or subjection † (Second Treatise of Government, Page 8). No one had more or less than the other. Therefore everyone was independent, and reliant on only their selves. Locke wrote: â€Å"For all men it’s a state of perfect freedom to order their actions/as they think fit, within the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending on the will of any other man† Man had the right to do as his wished and that in true nature we are all reasonable beings, and therefore we should use our rationality to live together, not needing a social contract to bind us all, but using reason and instinct to guide us to living peacefully together. What State are all men naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom, to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons. † (Second Treatise of Government, Page 8. ) Locke claimed that a Political Society only came about because people gave up their natural power to protect their property, and gave into the hands of the community. Locke believed it to be the community that punished offences and handled dispute s, for he feared a State of Nature didn’t have everyone’s rights protected, and therefore a Government was needed to protect their three absolute rights. These being Life, Liberty and Property. In summarise, Locke believed a State of Nature was a placed where man makes his own natural laws, no one man has power over the other, this does not, though, give man right to abuse his fellow, and thus leads to there being Natural Law within this State of Nature. He says all men are in a State of Nature until they make a special agreement which in turn makes them a component of a political society. â€Å"But I moreover affirm that all men are naturally in that state, and remain so, till by their own consents they make themselves members of some politic society, and I doubt not in the sequel of this discourse, to make it very clear. (Second Treatise of Government, Page 13/14). Hobbs views A State of Nature in a different way, he views it as a State of War, in which everyman has to fight for himself, meaning that selfishness and self preservation would chair over morality and dignity. â€Å" the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination or by co nfederacy with others that are in the same danger with himself. † (Leviathan). To Hobbs life without a Government would lead to this State of Nature or this State of War as he preferred. In order for man to live beside one another they would need to agree to a Social Contract. His book ‘Leviathan’ was written during the English Civil War and tells us of his doctrine for the groundwork of legitimate governments and societies. Hobbs was born April 1588 and went on the graduate from Oxford, as did Locke. From 1637 he considered himself a philosopher. Hobbs questions what life would be like without a Government, everyone having a right, in Hobbs view would lead to there being a break out of conflict, each man fighting against his fellow. He believes our lives would be solitary, and so to escape this solitary life man must agree to a Social Contract. In Hobbs’s view, we, as a society, are a population underneath a key authority to which all individuals must surrender their natural rights for their own protection. One downfall I see is that any abuse of this power by whoever holds this authority is to be accepted as the price of piece. Which seems somewhat contradictory to me, for surly if the person who held this authority was to abuse this power he posses there were surly be an outcry of war and conflict between him and those that are lower than him. Whereas in A State of Nature, everyone is equal and is to do as they please. Both a State of Nature and having a main authority figure have their consequences and sacrifices. Hobbs main idea was that the Government has been given this colossal responsibility to keep peace at whichever cost, for it was our right, as humans, to life. Oppression and tyranny was tolerable to Hobbs, so long as people’s lives were guarded. With Hobbs, as soon as a Civil Government is formed, this State of Nature, of equality is executed and no longer exists amid individuals, because of the civil power which is around to put into effect contracts. But, between nations, there is no power like this which exists and this leads to war, the nations right to protect and preserve their selves, just as man in a State of Nature possessed. Where Locke differs is that he believes a State of Nature was already a State of War, and in order to defer this from happening a main authority figure was needed to keep the peace and overrule all that was happening. Locke has a somewhat more positive view on a State of Nature; he has faith in man and the individual, believing that naturally we are good natured. The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. † (Second Treatise of Government, Page 9). He believes we can all live peacefully together because that is naturally how we want to be. He has a lot of faith in reason, and feels that’s what governs us as men, is our ability to reason, and therefore he thinks we will not harm another, or touch another’s possessions because our reason and natural state tells us otherwise. Hobbs had a darker view, believe that man would act in a more selfish way and would go to many lengths to gain what he wanted. â€Å" and therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies, and in the way to their End (which is principally their own conservation, and sometimes their delectation only) endeavour to destroy or subdue another. † (Leviathan). Jealousy, war, the need to have become over powering , man would go as far as to kill to get what he wants in a State of Nature, for there is no overall power to give law as to what is right and wrong. He believed to stop this there would have to be a Government that kept the peace. He believed we would continually be in competition for natural needs like shelter, food etc, and a Government could control the taking of these things. To me this doesn’t sound like a society that anyone would be content in, and Hobbs wrote â€Å"men have no pleasure (but on the contrary a great deal of grief) in keeping company where there is no power able to overawe them all. † (Leviathan). Locke doesn’t feel we need a Government ruling over us because we should have a contracted relationship between ourselves, man, and chosen government authorities. To bring this topic into our current time I shall make an example explaining Locke’s idea. If, for example, Gordon Brown was the suddenly declare that all those of a certain faith were evil and not to be trusted, and ordered for their arrest right away, without any proof they had done wrong or broken the law, then Locke believed people would replace and overthrow Gordon Brown with another Authority figure that would not violate the Social Contract that was agreed n between man and the Government individuals. As I had said before, Hobbs believed man one right was to life, and it was therefore the Governments responsibility to keep the peace and protect us. He felt killing someone in a State of Nature was the same as letting someone live, because to Hobbs in a State of Nature anything is allowed. With no Governm ent setting laws and telling people how to act man can do as he wishes. â€Å"Where there is no common power, there is no law, where no law, no injustice. (Leviathan). But this is where we see Locke having more faith in man, he believed the people within this State of Nature would have their limits on what they believed was right or wrong, what they could or could not do. One example of this is that people within the State of Nature would be allowed to live by whatever life rules they believed in, so long as they did not inflict harm on other people. But I believe this is not how people would live, without one all ruling leader there will always be conflict. Look at our society today, there are many different Governments, with different laws, living by different religions and beliefs, and there is still harm being inflicted upon one another. With one over bearing ruler, one main figure of authority surly all rules and laws would be the same, and therefore we would all have to live as an equal society? In Hobbs view, today we would need one main figure to keep the peace and control what happened, society having to make certain sacrifices. To Locke, I believe he would be shocked at mans, what now seems, instinctive emotion to hurt one another, to protect their selves no matter what. Looking at 9/11, it blows Locke’s theory out of the water, that man may believe in any religion they wish so long as they do not inflict harm on another human, and it somewhat highlights Hobbs theory, that without one authority figure, it is our natural instinct to protect ourselves, this shown with America invading Iraq. A lot of people say that Locke’s State of nature is much nicer than Hobbs, and yes, Hobbs’s idea of a State of Nature isn’t what we would like it to be, but I see Locke’s idea of a State of Nature as a kind of idyllic dream. That isn’t how man is; Hobbs is a lot more realistic in the sense of Society today. Obliviously it is a lot more complicated than just inserting a main Authority figure, but it doesn’t appear the Government and Societies are working to keep peace very well today. I favour very much Hobbs idea of a State of Nature, which he believes to be more a State of War. â€Å"Hereby is it manifest that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war. † (Leviathan). Life would be a constant battle to protect oneself and one’s possessions. With no laws, no one to dictate what is right or wrong, whether we believe it morally to be true or not, there are men who will do what it takes to gain what they want. Self preservation would out rule morals and it would almost certainly be a ‘dog eat dog’ world. However, I would very much like to live in a world, a state, which Locke describes and believes in, but from the way society is today, personal experiences, it’s not hard to see that mans natural ability to not harm another is shadowed somewhat by his desire to take care of his own interests. Thomas Hobbs and John Locke are two of the most significant influences of modern Government. One has complete confidence in man, the other does not. One believes we need one figure that holds all responsibility to keep man at peace with another, one believes a social contract between man and an elected figure is needed to keep peace. Either way you can’t really argue that these two men have had a massive influence on society, it was even said that Locke’s Second Treatise of Government to a great extent influenced the American Declaration of Independence. Though both have a lot of difference in how they view a State of Nature, I also see similarities, the main one being, although different types, they both feel some kind of Government is needed within a State of Nature so there can be boundaries. A world without any kind of Government to set laws and inflict justice would be a world with constant riot, war, and over run with selfishness and man’s one need to keep him alive. To Hobbs, one authority figure would keep the people from a State of Nature and a State of War, but Locke felt this figure was already within this State of Nature, and because of his absolute authority, had put himself in a State of War with the individuals of this civilization. Also, they both believe in mans one right to preserve himself, though Locke has more faith in man in that he will reason with himself and not harm another, whereas Hobbs believes man would go to any lengths to protect himself, even the urder of his fellow man. To Hobbs, in a State of Nature, man determines right and wrong but what he needs and wants, whereas Locke takes on more the view of reason, and right and wrong is determined by mans morals and reasons. But differences aside, without Hobbs influence on Locke’s work political society would be very different today. Hobbs first highlighted Social Contract Theory, and Locke was the first to argue it. The world of politics owes a lot to them.

Two by Jim Cartwright Essay Example

Two by Jim Cartwright Paper In our devised piece this term we used the play â€Å" Two † written by Jim Cartwright as our stimulus. The play is set in a Northern ‘working’ town in a pub and all the action and events take place on one night. It’s about a bickering landlord and landlady and their eccentric customers whom they serve at the bar. It gives an insight into the different kinds of people present in a pub at different times and a very brief look into their lives. The play is made up of lots of vignettes each focusing in on different characters. The two key characters are the landlord and landlady however these two people play all of the characters and have to change between roles with minimum fuss. The play also has a hidden meaning, which we do not find out about until the end, which in this case then makes some of the arguing clear, as we can understand the reasons behind it all. There is an element of humour and laughter used to cover up a darker and sadder under current in the play. In this case it’s about the couples child dieing in a car accident at the young age of seven. We will write a custom essay sample on Two by Jim Cartwright specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two by Jim Cartwright specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two by Jim Cartwright specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We took some elements of ‘Two ’ and incorporated some of the themes, ideas and elements into our own devised pieces. Our play consisted of a lot of duologues and monologues just as ‘Two ’ had done and we also chose two pivotal characters. Instead of having a landlord and a landlady we had two shop assistants who spoke to all of the customers and kept the play upbeat and moving. ‘Two ’ had a specific location where all of the action took place so we decided to incorporate this and we had all of our action and plot line take place in the clothing part of a department store. We kept it quite everything quite simplistic as in Jim Cartwright’s play although we had a variety of lively, bubbly characters each of which was very different from each other. The other idea we took from ‘Two’ was to have a hidden story or event, which the audience didn’t find out about until the end. We put in about the manager having lost his sister and wanting to hold on to all of the memories and not let another child go which explains the children’s underwear and the managers nervousness when a lost child comes in. Our plot revolved around the two shop assistants who ran the store and interacted with all of the customers. We also had the manager and the manager’s wife as well as mimed and imagined people out in public, in the shop and on the bus. The only props we used were chairs, a table, two umbrellas, some notebooks and a mesh curtain, which we used in the changing room scene. We chose to keep it quite simple so the audience had to believe in what was going on and focus on the acting rather than the material props just as was done in ‘Two. ’ The hidden idea was that the manager seemed to have paedophilic tendencies but all of this was covered up as we made him into a really funny, friendly and all round â€Å"Mr nice guy† type character. He is very attached to his laptop and spends a lot of time away from his family and at work. The two shop assistants are lively and bubbly characters who discuss boys, clothes and underwear. They see all of the different shoppers come in and out. They start off in the morning unpacking underwear and putting it on display and having a bit of a joke with their boss about the different sizes. We also see a woman looking for a cat suit come in and have a bit of a discussion about the different colours and how she really likes them. The wife then comes in to speak to her husband and when he refused to come out for lunch with her she has a monologue about how she feels unloved. Each monologue ends with something about being trapped whether its in a job, relationship or time. At the end it all comes together and makes sense. We then move on to a woman coming in with her daughter and trying to fit her into a really small sized top. They end up talking about the daughter’s dad and how he was so controlling before she end up getting stuck in the top. The assistants leave to get some scissors but while they are gone the manager goes in and grabs the girl. There is a tabloid and then the girl goes into the centre of the stage and all of the other characters gather around her. They begin walking round in a circle pushing the girl onto the floor whilst saying â€Å" trapped† over and over again getting louder each time until everyone shouts â€Å" Trapped  Ã¢â‚¬  and puts a hand over the girls head. The position is held for about five seconds and then the play ends. In ‘Two’ we identified that there were feelings of abuse, hate, anger, guilt, memory and sadness. We tried to use these feelings in our own piece. We put the anger and hate into the daughter hating her dad and her mum hating her talking about it. The guilt and the memory went into the manager and his memories of his sister’s last breaths before she died and the abuse was particularly prominent at the end when the manager grabbed the girl. The themes of hidden memories being brought up again was obvious with finding the small children’s underwear marking the beginning of out of control feelings, which just escalate until the very end of the play. Having read ‘Two’ as a play I think it is very cleverly written and constructed. When you read the notes at the beginning of the script it describes it as being a play about the different characters that come into a pub one evening. Immediately you begin to think how that could possibly be interesting or made into a play so after reading it you realise how cunning Jim Cartwright is and how clever to make something so simple so interesting, effective and evocative. The contrast in characters keeps the audience interested in what’s going on and also provides something to think about. The way two characters can play so many roles is something I have never really seen before and is fascinating. Jim Cartwright has used mime very effectively so the audience’s experience of the play is a very different one to what they would get fm other for fictional plays. I thought the ideas for our devised piece were really good overall but we needed to develop the characters more and maybe make parts of it have more emphasis and a bit clearer, for example I think the managers monologue about his sister needed to be clearer and maybe the wife’s monologue should have emphasised her worries and his strange behaviour more. I think the end performance went quite well and the audience seemed to enjoy it. We all tried really hard not to laugh at any of it even when the audience laughed which we managed to do so we were all please with that. We did use lighting and I think that worked well because it highlighted important bits of the play and also whom the focus was on as well as the mood. So at the end when we were doing the last ‘trapped’ scene we had the lights down quite low to give it more effect and make it a bit eerie and scary. I think we used some of the key elements from ‘Two’ and incorporated them into our piece well and subtly and we had a good plot line with a surprise at the end.